Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro susceptibilities of the strains tested to gatifloxacin, penicillin, methicillin, and ciprofloxacin

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo PAEs of gatifloxacin after administration of single doses of 8 and 32 mg/kg against S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 (A) and S. aureus ATCC 6538p (B). Each symbol represents the mean ± standard deviation for two mice. The widths of the bars represent the duration of time that levels in serum exceeded the MIC for the infecting pathogen.

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques: In Vivo, Standard Deviation

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationships of the gatifloxacin 24-h AUC/MIC (A), peak level/MIC (B), and T>MIC (C) for S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 with the log10 numbers of CFU per thigh after 24 h of therapy. Each symbol represents the mean for two thighs per mouse. The horizontal dashed lines represent the organism burden at the start of therapy.

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between gatifloxacin dosing interval and bacteriostatic efficacy

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between gatifloxacin MIC and AUC/MIC necessary to achieve a static effect and 1 log 10 and 2 log 10 killing

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Article Title: Antibacterial oral sprays from kaffir lime ( Citrus hystrix DC.) fruit peel oil and leaf oil and their activities against respiratory tract pathogens

doi: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.09.003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antibacterial activity of three Kaffir lime fruit peel oil oral sprays and three Kaffir lime leaf oil oral sprays against one Group A streptococcal clinical isolate and 3 standard strains of respiratory tract pathogenic bacteria, using broth microdilution method.

Article Snippet: All oral sprays exhibited antibacterial activity against a Group A streptococcal clinical isolate and three respiratory pathogens ( S. aureus ATCC 29213, S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619, and H. influenza e ATCC 49247), with the strongest activity against H. influenza e ATCC 49247.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Bacteria